Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) are a type of pluripotent stem cell created in the laboratory. They are derived from adult somatic cells that have been genetically or epigenetically reprogrammed to an embryonic stem (ES) cell-like state. This reprogramming is typically achieved through the forced expression of specific genes and transcription factors (the proteins involved in carrying out the 'instructions' of a gene.) These are collectively known as Yamanaka factors, which include Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc, and Klf4.
iPSCs share many characteristics with ES cells, such as the ability to differentiate into any cell type in the body. They represent a significant advancement in regenerative medicine. Unlike ES cells, which are derived from embryonic stem cells and involve the destruction of pre-implantation embryos, iPSCs can be generated from an adult donor, without the ethical and moral considerations associated with embryonic stem cell research. This technology has opened up new possibilities for cell replacement therapy and disease modeling. It offers a nearly identical match to the cell donor, which is crucial for patient-specific treatments.
This entry was provided by the doctoral students of the GetRADI collaborative network. GetRADI is funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Executive Agency. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.