Glossary of terms

Neural stem cells (NSCs) are special, self-renewing cells in the brain that have the potential to develop (differentiate) into different types of brain cells, such as neurons and glial cells. NSCs are mainly inactive (quiescent) in the adult brain; however, in certain rare conditions, they can activate and start to multiply and grow.

Neurons are the main cellular building blocks of the nervous system (working together with glial cells, which provide support). A typical neuron has a cell body with a nucleus, and has parts called dendrites and axon. These parts help the neuron receive, process, and send electrochemical messages to and from other cells.

Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ) is a natural DNA repair mechanism. It can introduce small insertions, deletions, or substitutions at the site of the DNA break. This often results in gene disruptions or mutations. Unlike HDR, NHEJ is not dependent on a homologous DNA sequence as a template.

Non-viral vectors are a group of natural or synthetic carrier systems that are not based on viruses. They are used for the delivery of target molecules (such as DNA, RNA, or proteins) to cells. Non-viral vector systems vary greatly, but use two main approaches to enable delivery through the cell's surface (cell membrane): physical, such as pressure, or chemical, such as small fat-based lipid nanoparticles.