Glossary of terms

mRNA, or messenger RNA, is a type of RNA molecule.  mRNA is built from the template of a specific gene in the DNA (transcribed). The mRNA molecule carries genetic information from the DNA in the cell's nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where proteins are built. Here, mRNA serves as a template for protein synthesis. It plays a crucial role in gene expression and the production of proteins essential for cellular functions.

A mutation is an alteration in the individual's genetic information (DNA). It could be described as a spelling error in the instruction book. Mutations can occur naturally within the body, or be caused by external factors such as UV light exposure. The majority of genetic mutations have no impact on the individual. However, sometimes the mutation impacts the expression or functionality of a gene and can be either harmful or beneficial for the individual. Harmful mutations can, for example, lead to disease development, whereas beneficial mutations can give rise to new traits and are the backbone of evolution.